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面包屑導航結束 --> <!-- 頁面標題開始 --> <div id="n1l1njb9b" class="title"> <h3><a>加工中心主軸故障分析與維修<small></small></a></h3> </div> <!-- 頁面標題結束 --> <hr class="featurette-divider"> <!-- 中部開始 --> <div id="n1l1njb9b" class="container"> <!-- 正文 --> <div id="n1l1njb9b" class="lead" id="print"> <p> <span style="line-height: 10pt; text-indent: 22pt; background-color: transparent;">1.</span><span style="text-indent: 22pt; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="45SimSun" style="line-height: 10pt; text-indent: 22pt; background-color: transparent;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt;">案例</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="45" style="line-height: 10pt; text-indent: 22pt; background-color: transparent;">1</span></p> <div id="n1l1njb9b" class="Section1"> <p class="2220" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 22pt; background: transparent;"><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">故障現象：一臺生產的型號為</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">XH</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">714</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">D</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">立式加工 中心，系統釆用</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">FANUC</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SimSun;"> </span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">0/ </span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">Mate</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">- </span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">MD</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">,</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">在執行主軸轉動指令時， 無論設定多大轉速，主軸均以3</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222"><span style="font-family: PMingLiU;">?</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222"> </span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">5</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">r</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">/</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">min</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">的速度轉動，而且在機床 運行幾分鐘后，主軸停止轉動， 系統并提示“主軸控制器未就 緒”報警，如圖1所示。</span></p> <p class="2220" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 22pt; background: transparent;"><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">故障分析與解決：筆者打開 機床電氣柜，發現主軸控制器提 示</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">“</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">Er</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">-11”</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">報警，如圖2所示， 此報警為超載故障報警。產生此</span></p> <span style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:宋體;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:#0400;mso-fareast-language: #0400;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br clear="all" /> </span> <p class="2220" style="margin-top:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:0cm;background:transparent"><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">故障的原因一般是由于電動機超 載運轉、傳動線路機械卡死和控 制器與主軸電動機配線線路斷接 或短路等原因造成的。</span></p> <p class="2220" style="margin-top:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:21.0pt;background:transparent"><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">首先關閉機床，用手轉動主 軸，主軸傳動鏈轉動平穩，未見 異常情況；然后將主軸控制器與</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">主軸電動機配線折下重新安裝， 再次打開機器故障依然存在。</span></p> <!--[if !supportTextWrap]--> <!--[endif]--> <p class="2220" style="margin-top:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:20.0pt;background:transparent"><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">當筆者再次檢查控制器到主 軸電動機配線時，發現主軸軸流 風機防護罩上已布滿了灰塵，如 圖3所示。經檢查，軸流風機轉子 由于機械故障無法轉動，從而造</span><span style="text-indent: 0cm; background-color: transparent;">成超載故障。筆者更換軸流風機 后，再次啟動機床故障排除。</span></p> <p class="450" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:2.85pt; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent: 21.0pt;line-height:10.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:34.95pt;background:transparent"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span><!--[endif]--><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="45SimSun1"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt;">案例</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="45">2</span></p> <p class="2220" style="margin-top:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:21.0pt;background:transparent"><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="2221pt">故障現象：一臺機床</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">廠生產的型號為</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">ZXK</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="2221pt"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">50</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="2221pt">，</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="2221pt">采用 </span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">GSK</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">980</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">MDc</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">系統經濟型數控鉆銑加工中心，出現“主軸低擋換 高擋失敗，主軸不在高擋，請重新換擋”報警信息。</span></p> <p class="2220" style="margin-top:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:21.0pt;background:transparent"><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">故障分析與解決：這臺機床 不是通過變頻器實現無級調速， 而是通過氣缸帶動滑移齒輪實現 主軸2級自動換擋功能，而氣缸 是通過電磁閥來控制的，如圖4 所示。也是說在氣壓正常的情況 下，出現此故障是由于氣缸沒有 動作或沒有到位而造成的。</span></p> <p class="2220" style="margin-top:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:21.0pt;background:transparent"><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="2221pt">于是筆者通過手動操作電 </span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">磁閥，主軸換擋正常。從而可以 證明故障是由于電磁閥損壞造成 的。更換電磁閥后，故障排除。</span></p> <p class="450" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:8.5pt; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent: 21.0pt;line-height:10.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:34.95pt;background:transparent"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span><!--[endif]--><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="45SimSun1"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt;">案例</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="45">3</span></p> <p class="2220" style="margin-top:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:9.5pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background: transparent"><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">故障現象：同樣一臺機</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">床廠生產的型號為</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">ZXK</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="2221pt"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">50,</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="2221pt">采用 </span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">GSK</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">980</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">MDc</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">系統經濟型數控鉆 銑加工中心，由于主軸機械卡死 無法工作。</span></p> <!--[if !supportTextWrap]--> <!--[endif]--> <p class="2220" style="margin-top:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:21.0pt;background:transparent"><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">故障分析與解決：該機床主 要用來完成鉆、銑、鏜、擴孔和 攻螺紋等多工序的加工。最初機 床在工作過程中，主軸時而伴隨 有“吱吱”聲，后來噪聲越來越 大，從而造成主軸卡死。在現場 分析故障時，發現主軸軸頭部分 需要定期加注高速潤滑脂。詢問 操作工人得知，機床已使用一年 左右，從來沒有在此處加注高速 潤滑脂。而且在主軸出現有噪聲 時，似乎有金屬粉末從主軸軸頭 處落下。把主軸抬高確實發現主 軸軸頭處有金屬粉末。現在可以 確定是主軸前支撐軸承損壞造成 主軸機械卡死。從機床廠家提供 的主軸結構圖中得知，主軸前支 撐配置高精度</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">D</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">3182112</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">雙列圓錐 滾子軸承與</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">E</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">8112</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">推力球軸承組 合，</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">D</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">3182112</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">雙列圓錐滾子軸承 是提高主軸徑向剛度，而</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">E</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="2221pt"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">8112 </span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">推力球軸承承受軸向切削力。</span></p> <p class="2220" style="margin-top:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:21.0pt;background:transparent"><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">筆者拆下主軸，發現前端兩 個軸承由于沒有定時加注高速潤 滑脂已完全損壞，如圖5所示。更 換主軸前支撐的兩個軸承后，主 軸轉動正常，但換刀時主軸定向</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">準停位置不正確，從而造成機床 無法換刀。</span></p> <!--[if !supportTextWrap]--> <!--[endif]--> <p class="2220" style="margin-top:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:19.0pt;background:transparent"><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">筆者查看主軸伺服驅動單元 使用手冊，總結出進行定向的操 作流程如下：</span></p> <p class="2220" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 19pt; background: transparent;"><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">上電后，調出監視菜單陰<sup>1</sup>^， 按</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">©</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">鍵顯示_，符號</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">“</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">E</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">”</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">表 示主軸處于不確定的定向位置， 其值不能作為定向位置參考值。</span></p> <p class="2220" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 19pt; background: transparent;"><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="2221pt">確保伺服單元使能已經斷 </span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">開，將主軸慢慢調整到定向點， </span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="2221pt">然后記錄下</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">yp</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">_-</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">sp</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">。</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">:</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">，顯示的位 置，寫入參數</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">PA</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">103</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">中，這一參 數就是定向位置。</span></p> <p class="2220" style="margin-top:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:19.0pt;background:transparent"><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">主軸拆卸和安裝注意事項：</span></p> <p class="2220" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 27pt; background: transparent;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: SimSun;">(1)<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">主軸在拆卸過程中，要 牢記零部件拆卸的順序及位置， 并用記號筆作標記，對于關鍵或 復雜部位可用手機或數碼相機拍 照，防止在安裝過程中出錯。</span></p> <p class="2220" style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:27.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops:46.25pt;background:transparent"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: SimSun;">(2)<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">主軸在安裝前，應先查 看主軸各軸承的潤滑情況；清潔 箱體與主軸有接觸的部位，有銳 角的地方要注意去除。</span></p> <p class="2220" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 27pt; background: transparent;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: SimSun;">(3)<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">在固定主軸于主軸箱 時，要使用扭力扳手，且鎖緊力</span></p> <p class="2220" align="left" style="margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 7pt; background: transparent;"><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">(7 000</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">N</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">)</span></span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">必須一致，不能有傾 角出現。</span></p> <p class="2220" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 27pt; background: transparent;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: SimSun;">(4)<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="222">特別要提醒操作工人， 要保證主軸各軸承的潤滑情況， 并及時加注潤滑油，確保機床正 常運行。</span></p> <p class="2220" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 27pt; background: transparent;"> </p> <p class="2220" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 27pt; background: transparent;"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文由伯特利數控整理發表文章均來自網絡僅供學習參考，轉載請注明！</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </div></div> <div id="n1l1njb9b" class="blank30"></div> <!-- tag --> <div id="n1l1njb9b" class="blank10"></div> 標簽： <a href='/index.php?case=tag&act=show&tag=%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83' target='_blank'>加工中心</a> <a href='/index.php?case=tag&act=show&tag=%E4%B8%BB%E8%BD%B4%E6%95%85%E9%9A%9C' target='_blank'>主軸故障</a> <a href='/index.php?case=tag&act=show&tag=%E7%BB%B4%E4%BF%AE' target='_blank'>維修</a> <!-- 分類 --> <div id="n1l1njb9b" class="blank10"></div> 分類： <a href='/bethel/type/jnc/type-1.html' target='_blank'>加工中心</a> <div id="n1l1njb9b" class="blank30"></div> <!--自動調用自定義字段--> <div id="n1l1njb9b" class="blank20"></div> <div id="n1l1njb9b" class="blank30"></div> <!-- 投票 --> <script src="/index.php?case=vote&act=view&aid=1039"></script> <!-- 自定義表單開始 --> <!-- 自定義表單結束 --> <div id="n1l1njb9b" class="blank60"></div> <!-- 上下頁開始 --> <div class="n1l1njb9b" id="page"> <strong>上一篇</strong><a href="/bethel/news/show_1038.html">加工中心中球面加工的刀具路徑優化</a> <div id="n1l1njb9b" class="blank10"></div> <strong>下一篇</strong><a href="/bethel/news/show_1040.html">加工中心保養與維護</a> </div> <!-- 上下頁結束 --> </div><!-- /container --> <!-- 相關文章開始 --> <div id="n1l1njb9b" class="blank60"></div> <!-- 頁面標題開始 --> <div id="n1l1njb9b" 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